Nanoscale electromagnetic compatibility: quantum coupling and matching in nanocircuits

Abstract

The paper investigates two typical electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems, namely, coupling and matching in nanoscale circuits composed of nano-interconnects and quantum devices in entangled state. Nano-interconnects under consideration are implemented by using carbon nanotubes or metallic nanowires (NWs), while quantum devices by semiconductor quantum dots. Equivalent circuits of such nanocircuits contain additional ele- ments arising at nanoscale due to quantum effects. As a result, the notions of coupling and impedance matching are reconsidered. Two examples are studied: in the first one, electromagnetically cou- pled NWs are connected to classical lumped devices; in the second one, electromagnetically uncoupled transmission lines are termi- nated on quantum devices in entangled states. In both circuits, the EMC features qualitatively and quantitatively differ from their classical analogs. In the second example, we demonstrate the exis- tence of quantum coupling, due to the entanglement, which exists in spite of the absence of classical electromagnetic coupling. The entanglement also modifies the matching condition introducing a dependence of the optimal value of load impedance on the line length.